B Ed Natural science

  INTRODUCTION Planning of instruction refers to what the teacher does and prepares for presentation/ teaching of a lesson in class. Effective teaching depends on the effective planning of a lesson by teacher. It is much more difficult than delivering the instruction. It is defined as “Visualizing, Guidance, Managing and Decision Making”. The teacher develops lesson contents to match them with curriculum standards. Planning is essential not only in instruction but in all spheres of human activity. Planning of instruction is the backbone of school administration. The success of teaching learning process depend upon the careful planning of the teacher.  Teacher can present the subject matter in a logical, systematic and effective way.  Teacher can save time and effort.  Planning provides self-confidence to the teacher.  It provides opportunities for experiments.  Teacher can expect good instruction.  Teacher can impact quality instruction.  Planning reflects the teacher’s individu

 INTRODUCTION The word “philosophy” comes from a combination of two greek words ‘philos’ and ‘sophia’. The term ‘philos’ means love and ‘sophia’ means wisdom. Therefore, philosophy means the love of wisdom. Branches of philosophy 1. Metaphysics (Theory of Reality) 2. Logic (the study of ideal method of thought & reasoning) 3. Epistemology (Theory of Knowledge) 4. Ethics (Theory of morality) 5. Aesthetics (the discussion of beauty) 6. Axiology (Theory of values) PRAGMATISM  It is a philosophical thought which estimates that the value of anything is based on its practical utility.  It is recognised as a Native philosophy of America.  It is considered as a midway between Idealism and Naturalism.  Pragmatism – Experience is the source of all knowledge.  The term pragmatism is derived from the Greek word “Pragmatigos” which means “Action”.  The word practice and practical have come from “Pragmatigos”. Education experiences in life depends on two things in life: 1. Thought 2. Actio

 

 INTRODUCTION Human resources in teaching and learning refers to the persons which can be used as source for gathering information. “Human” means knowledge, skill and technology and “resource” means development. Human resource refers to the number (quantity) and abilities (mental and physical) of people. Human resources, they are aggregate of all those human capability which helps in human welfare activities. Human resources in science education includes, Resource persons, eminent teachers, Personalities, Scientist in the local community etc. RESOURCE PERSON A resource person is anybody who can supply learners with useful information. The person could be either a professional or non- professional. How a teacher can make use of resource person  Identify the resource person.  Invite the resource person.  Inform the resource person through the head teacher.  Inform the resource person about what you intend to teach together with the level of the learners.  Prepare the learners for ta